Women Work and the Art of Savoir Faire Pdf
If yous've ever taken an art history class or spent time in a fine arts museum, chances are you know a lot most the men who "defined" their mediums. Every bit with other subjects, most of what we learn about art history today nonetheless centers on white men from Europe and, later on, the Us. In reality, there are so many more than artists of all genders to learn from and appreciate.
Here, we're specifically taking a look at just some of the women who accept had lasting impacts on their fine art forms. From some of the fine art world'south about iconic pioneers to its most unsung heroes, these women artists all had a mitt — and, in some cases, still have a hand — in changing the earth of fine art and how we ascertain it.
Laura Wheeler Waring
Laura Wheeler Waring was an creative person and educator who taught at Cheyney University in Pennsylvania for more than 30 years. After studying the work of painters like Cézanne and Monet while abroad, she returned to the United States, becoming best known for her portraits of prominent Black Americans, many of which were painted during the Harlem Renaissance.
Cindy Sherman
Photographer Cindy Sherman was office of the Pictures Generation during the 1980s, and is perhaps most well known for her serial of Untitled Film Stills (1977–80) — cocky-portraits in which Sherman "posed in the guises of various generic female film characters, among them, ingénue, working daughter, vamp, and lonely housewife" (via MoMA). In this series, and those that followed, Sherman used photography to question the media'south influence over our individual and collective identities.
Yoko Ono
Y'all might first remember of Yoko Ono as a musician and activist, but she's too an achieved performance and conceptual artist. Ono was considered a pioneer in the performance art movement, earning the nickname the "Loftier Priestess of the Happening".
One of her most revered works, Cut Piece, was a performance she first staged in Nippon; Ono saturday on stage in a prissy suit and placed scissors in front of her, and, in an act of daring vulnerability, invited audience members to come up on phase and cutting away pieces of her clothing. "Fine art is like breathing for me," Ono has said. "If I don't do it, I start to choke."
Betye Saar
Earlier becoming a printmaker and activist, Betye Saar studied design and was employed as a social worker. A printmaking constituent changed her entire career trajectory — and, in turn, part of the trajectory of art history.
Saar was role of the Black Arts Movement in the 1970s and, through painting and assemblage, critiqued institutionalized racism and the racist stereotypes white people held toward Black Americans. "To me the pull a fast one on is to seduce the viewer," Saar has said. "If you can become the viewer to look at a work of art, then you lot might exist able to requite them some sort of message."
Frida Kahlo
Information technology's rare to find someone who hasn't at least heard of Frida Kahlo. A self-taught painter from Mexico, she is best known for exploring themes like death and identity through her self-portraits. Kahlo often used bold, bright colors to create her symbol-rich works, and was regarded as one of the most influential artists of the Surrealist motility.
Yayoi Kusama
Yayoi Kusama started painting at a very immature age, simply she'southward also known for her hyper-existent sculptures, polka dots, installations, and so much more. Similar many of her peers, Kusama embraced the counterculture of the 1960s, employing nudity in much of her work. Today, she continues to create works for her enduring Mirror/Infinity rooms series, which use mirrors and lit objects to create a sense of endlessness.
Amy Sherald
Amy Sherald is an American painter and portraitist who depicts Black Americans, often doing everyday activities — something that became more mutual in portraiture writ large in the mid-19th century. Odds are that you lot recognize Sherald'south work — and her signature grayscale skin tones — as she was the kickoff Black woman to complete a presidential portrait for the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery.
Georgia O'Keeffe
Known as the female parent of American modernism, you lot likely associate Georgia O'Keeffe with her paintings of New Mexico's landscapes, flowers, skulls, and, but mayhap, the skyscrapers of New York Urban center. In the 1920s, she was the first adult female painter to gain the respect of the New York art world, all past painting in her unique fashion.
Adrian Piper
Adrian Piper became a pioneering minimalist, feminist, and conceptual artist in 1970s New York City. She used her work to question society, identity, and racial politics by enervating the audience to face truths nearly themselves. She often challenged people on the streets of New York to guess her race, socio-economical grade, and gender — all while dressed as a Black man with a fake mustache and sunglasses, or while wearing compelling statements on her apparel.
Shirin Neshat
Shirin Neshat left Islamic republic of iran in 1974 to study art in Los Angeles, California — before the Iran Islamic Revolution took identify. She is best known for her photography, film, and video work, much of which explores the relationship between Islam's cultural and religious systems and women. Moreover, Neshat's works often create a sense of solidarity and empowerment.
Jenny Holzer
Every bit a neo-conceptual artist, Jenny Holzer's work focuses on words and ideas, which she puts on advertising billboards, projects onto buildings and adds to electronic displays or neon signs.
These works brandish phrases that act every bit meditations on diverse concepts, such as trauma, noesis, and hope. One of her more than notable works, I Odour You On My Skin, makes the viewer question what kind of sentiment the sentence conveys.
Rebecca Belmore
Much of Rebecca Belmore's fine art addresses identity and history — and, in particular, houselessness and the voicelessness of the First Nations People in Canada. As an Anishinaabekwe artist, she works to enhance sensation effectually the prejudice, violence, and attempted erasure of Ethnic Northward American culture. In 2005, she was the first Indigenous woman to represent Canada at the Venice Biennale.
Louise Bourgeois
While a prolific printmaker and painter, Louise Bourgeois is better known for her installation art and sculptures — similar the spider above — which were inspired past her own experiences and memories. Throughout her career, she created revolutionary works during a time when abstraction and conceptual art were the primary styles shaping the art world.
Mickalene Thomas
Heavily influenced by pop civilization and popular art, Mickalene Thomas often embellishes her paintings with rhinestones and uses colorful acrylic paints. In her piece of work, Thomas centers Black American women, whom she believes embody power and femininity.
Judy Chicago
Judy Chicago was ane of the major figures inside the early Feminist Art move. As exemplified in her iconic work The Dinner Party, her installation pieces oft examine the role of women in history and culture — in the 1970s and before. While at California State University in Fresno, Chicago founded the start feminist fine art program in the United states.
Augusta Brutal
Augusta Cruel was an American sculptor during the Harlem Renaissance who worked toward securing equal rights for Black Americans in the arts. In improver to creating scenic sculptures, often of Black folks, Savage founded the Roughshod Studio of Arts and Crafts in Harlem in 1932, and, a few years later on, she became the first Black American elected to the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors in 1934.
Carolee Schneemann
Known for her provocative performance fine art practices, Carolee Schneemann is considered the progenitor of "body art". (Just look upwardly her nigh famous work, Interior Scroll, and you'll see what nosotros mean.) She used her torso to examine women'south sensuality and liberation from the oppressive aesthetic and social conventions established by our patriarchal society.
Nan Goldin
Famous for her in-the-moment photography, Nan Goldin'southward piece of work challenges traditional ability relations. In addition to documenting New York Metropolis'due south queer subculture post-Stonewall, Goldin explored the HIV/AIDS crisis, opioid epidemic, and LGBTQ+ bodies.
Elaine Sturtevant
Does this look similar an Andy Warhol to you? Well, that's the thought! Elaine Sturtevant, who went past her terminal proper noun professionally, was a conceptual creative person known for her inexact replicas — that is, not-quite-correct copies of big-name artists' work.
Some artists and critics encouraged her efforts, while others became quite angry. Nonetheless, Sturtevant used her works to explore the concepts of authorship, originality, and the structure of fine art culture.
Ruth Asawa
During the 1960s, Ruth Asawa created increasingly complex wire sculptures. A San Francisco-based artist, Asawa'southward terminal public commission was the Garden of Remembrance at San Francisco State University, which was created to recognize Japanese Americans who were interned during World State of war II.
Catherine Opie
Known for her studio, portrait, and landscape photography, Catherine Opie has been a photographer since the age of nine. She uses her photography to examine social norms, and, in doing so, displays various subcultures in formal portraits — but in a way that conveys power and respect past evoking traditional Renaissance portraiture.
micha cárdenas
micha cárdenas is an artist, writer, theorist, and banana professor who won an Affect Award at the Indiecade Festival in 2020 and the Creative Award from the Gender Justice League in 2016. She believes education is the path to liberation and uses VR and art to address global problems such as racism, gendered violence, and climate change.
Lee Krasner
Lee Krasner was an Abstract Expressionist painter who also specialized in collaging. Her works capture a spirit of relentless reinvention, from her Cubist drawings and assemblage to her portraits and murals for the Works Progress Assistants (WPA).
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